62 pages 2 hours read

Gregory Maguire

Wicked: Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1995

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Symbols & Motifs

Clocks

Clocks are a mysterious symbol in the novel. In Ozian legend, there exists a clock at the center of the Earth, which is responsible for life itself. The Clock of the Time Dragon is a powerful mechanism for social disruption and truth-telling, and tiktoks are clocklike humanoids that are used as spies throughout Oz. One symbolic meaning for these clocks is time. So many people die young, or in accidents, or in tragic murders, that the fleeting nature of life becomes an important issue in the novel. Clocks are also metaphors for logic. Once a clock is built correctly, its mechanisms autonomously work in accordance with the laws of logic. Therefore, people subconsciously place enormous stock in the power of a clock. If a clock declares that it is three o’clock in the afternoon, then it is three o’clock in the afternoon. Thus, though clocks are manmade, they control human lives with the trickery of natural logic. Furthermore, clocks are a symbolic reminder of our destiny. The novel spans years, in which Elphaba and other characters toils away on their missions and their goals, but clocks are a constant reminder that time is running out and certain issues are urgent.

The Broom

Elphaba’s flying broom is a symbol of the world pushing her to witchcraft. Yackle gifts Elphaba the broom without explanation, but when she discovers that the broom can fly, Elphaba realizes that Yackle gave this gift to push Elphaba into becoming a witch. This brings up the question of Elphaba’s destiny. Did Yackle know Elphaba was destined to be the Wicked Witch of the West? Or did Yackle see potential in Elphaba that Elphaba misinterpreted as a sign of destiny? But the broom is also a symbol of freedom. With the broom, Elphaba can travel without relying on chaperones or caravans, which come with the constant risk of exposure to tiktok spies. With the broom, Elphaba travels around Oz with the anonymity that she relishes. Thus, the broom is a gesture toward destiny as well as freedom and independence.

The Ruby Slippers

The ruby slippers are an iconic allusion to the original story, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Glittering red shoes are associated with Dorothy, and this novel provides an origin story for them. In fact, the shoes mean a lot to several people before Dorothy comes along. When Nessarose first receives the shoes as a gift from Frex, Elphaba is filled with envy and resentment. She never received beautiful gifts from her father, but her hurt goes deeper than that because the shoes represent Frex’s love for Turtle Heart. Frex uses Turtle Heart’s glass recipe to imbue the shoes with magic and meaning. They are not just shoes: They are representative of a father’s love. When Nessarose dies, Elphaba believes she is owed these shoes. She tells Glinda that the shoes should be hers because they would be dangerous in the hands of someone else, but the truth is she covets them for deeply personal reasons. Elphaba perceives the fact that Glinda gives them away so casually as further proof that people exist to take things from her. Thus, in Maguire’s retelling, these iconic shoes represent love, family, power, and belonging.